Monday 31 July 2017

Secret of 22 rooms of taj mahal

The Mystery behind the sealed doors of Taj Mahal

” Whenever the moon glimpses from the sky,
it greatly envies the beauty of Taj Mahal.
I yet ponder, is it the architect, bright marbles,
or mark of the love, that makes Taj Mahal.
It was just a structure of white marble stones,
if there was no love story to make Taj Mahal. “
– S.D Tiwari
Poet Rabindranath Tagore described the Taj Mahal as “a teardrop on the cheek of eternity”. The Taj Mahal is known as the most brilliant achievement among the funeral monuments all around the world. It’s the history of Taj Mahal that adds a soul to its magnificence: a soul that is filled with love, loss, remorse, and love again. It is also the epitome of Mughal art and one of the most famous buildings in the world.
According to history, the construction of Taj Mahal was commenced in December year 1631 by Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved third wife ” Mumtaz Mahal ” who died while giving birth to their 14th child.
Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran, and it took approximately 22 years, 22,000 laborers and 1,000 elephants to build what we see today. Finally, in 1653 the construction completed at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees.
Even after the popular history, Taj Mahal, like any historic fort, has many secret passages and rooms. There are many rooms in the fort or tomb, these are supposedly kept closed since the time of Shah Jahan. These doorways have been sealed with brick and lime. There are some facts about these hidden doors in Taj Mahal which raises the finger towards the history of Taj Mahal and whether Shanahan actually created this beautiful monument.
Presenting some of the Mysterious facts behind the sealed doors of Taj Mahal
1.) Original Rooms and Foundations that existed have been hidden and crudely covered up away from the public gaze.
In a secret red stone storey immediately below the marble, the platform is one of the 22 riverside rooms. Note Shahjahan has crudely walled up a doorway with unplastered bricks. This crude blocking is Shahjahan grand building work. Such imperial Mogul vandalism lies hidden from the public. This room is in the red stone storey immediately below the marble platform. Is it just a plain cover up of original temple and a conspiracy covered up by the archaeological survey of India.
2.)  A secret storey below hiding in excess of 1089 rooms.
These arches along the eastern side of the plinth are an indication of the row upon row of rooms total 1089 that lie hidden inside the marble plinth. Closely scrutinize how the arches and the rectangular ventilators above have been sealed with marble slabs of different sizes and tints. These seven arches enclose stairs which lead to the top of the marble plinth symmetrically from right to left and lead to hundreds of rooms enclosed behind the sealed arches.
3.) Locked First Floor rooms.
These are the rooms on the first floor of the marble structure of the Taj Mahal. The two staircase leading to this upper floor are kept locked and barred since Shahjahan’s time. The floor and the marble walls of such upper floor rooms can be seen in the picture to have been stripped of its marble panels. Shahjahan used that uprooted marble from the upper floor for constructing graves and engraving the Koran because he did not know where from to procure marble matching the splendor of the rest of the Taj Mahal.
4.) Riverside view of Mumtaz’s grave
Most people content to see Mumtaz’s grave inside the Taj, fail to go to the rear riverside. This is the riverside view. From here one may notice that the four storied marble structure on top has below it two more storeys in red stone. Note the window aperture in the left. That indicates that there are rooms inside. Inside the row of arches in the upper part of the wall are 22 rooms. In addition to the four stories in marble, this one shows red stone arches in the 5th storey. The 6th storey lies in the plinth in the lower portion of the photo.
5.) 22 rooms below with Hindu paintwork.
A corner of one of the rooms in the secret storey immediately below the marble platform of the Taj Mahal. Note the strips of Hindu paint on the wall. Shahjahan has crudely walled the ventilator at the left, meant for air and light from the riverside, up. He did not bother even to plaster them. Had Shahjahan built the Taj as a mausoleum what was the purpose of 22 rooms? And why are they kept locked and hidden from the public? There is huge ventilator in the 22 rooms in a secret storey of the Taj Mahal which are crudely sealed with unplastered bricks by Shahjahan.
6.) Hindu design painted on the ceiling of rooms.
This is esoteric Hindu design is painted on the ceiling of some of the 22 locked rooms in the secret storey below the marble platform of the Taj Mahal in Agra. Had Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal he would not have kept such elaborately painted rooms sealed and barred to the public. Even now one can enter these rooms only if one can influence the archaeology department to remove the locks.
7.) The corridor below the marble platform with Hindu design.
On the inner flank of the 22 locked rooms. In the secret storey in red stone below the marble, the platform is this corridor about 12ft. broad and 300 ft long. Note the scallop design at the base of the plinth supporting the arches. This is Hindu decoration which enables one to identify even a bare plinth as Hindu. The corridor is pitch dark because Shahjahan has sealed all the riverside ventilators allowing light and air.
So, these were few secrets of hidden doors of Taj Mahal which are needed to study from the depth and actual truth need to be explored. Don’t kill your curiosity and visit the place and experience the place with so many hidden secrets behind.
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Monday 24 July 2017

Occultations - Types and facts

What Is an Occultation?

 

What Is an Occultation?

Astrophotographer Laura Austin caught the moon's occultation of the star Aldebaran, on Jan. 19, 2016, from her location in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada,
Credit: Laura Austin
In space, an occultation happens when one object passes in front of another from an observer's perspective. A simple example is a solar eclipse. From a certain area on Earth, the moon passes in front of the sun and either partially or totally blocks the light. So we can say that the sun is "eclipsed" or "occulted."
A lunar eclipse is another example of an occultation, but the description is a little more complicated. When this happens, anybody on the dark side of the Earth can watch the moon pass into the Earth's shadow, so that the Earth is directly in between the Earth and the sun. This eclipse or occultation turns the moon red-brown because it catches the reflected light on the edge of Earth's atmosphere, where the wavelengths are longest.
It should be emphasized that occultations don't only take place on Earth — they can take place anywhere in the universe. For example, the Apollo 12 astronauts flew through Earth's shadow and saw a solar eclipse on their way home from the moon in 1969.
The moon travels on a path in our sky that is called the ecliptic. It represents the plane of our solar system and that approximate area is where the sun, moon and planets travel in our sky. This means that the moon can sometimes pass in front of distant planets and stars.
The International Occultation Timing Association provides detailed information, such as exact locations and timing of expected occultations, for anyone interested in looking at the moon passing in front of stars. These events can be observed with even a small telescope. Of the most interest scientifically are "grazing occultations." These happen when the moon's visible edge, or limb, passes by a planet or star.
As the moon moves along its path during a grazing occultation, the star or the planet can wink in and out of sight. If there are multiple people watching the grazing at the same time, it can reveal much about the objects involved in the occultation or about general astronomical principles, IOTA said.
For example, a star may "disappear" and reappear in stages during the graze, which would indicate that it must be a previously unknown double star whose members are so close together that they can't be seen individually in a telescope. Observers also learn more about the moon's topography, which can help with the exact timing of solar eclipses (when the moon passes in front of the sun.)
More generally, IOTA added, "Such observations are useful for refining knowledge of the positions and motions of stars, and can be used to improve parameters such as the tilt of the Earth's equator relative to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun) and even the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy."
There's a catch to grazing occultations, however; observers usually need to travel because the "path" of the occultation is just a few miles across, IOTA added. It's easiest to watch a star disappear behind the moon during the first two weeks of the lunar cycle, when the leading edge of the moon is in shadow. To see a star's reappearance, it's easiest in the last two weeks of the lunar cycle, when the trailing edge of the moon is dark.
Very rarely, the moon can occult two planets at the same time. The last occasion was in 1998, when it passed in front of Venus and Jupiter. The next "double conjunction" will take place with Mercury and Mars in 2056.
Asteroids are small, rocky bodies in the solar system. There are many locations for them, including some that pass by Earth and others that orbit in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. Occasionally, an asteroid may pass in front of a star. Since an asteroid is very small, it's important to be very precise in where you travel to watch the occultation, IOTA said. It's also best to record the occultation with a video or CCD camera since the dip in light can be subtle.
If you can't travel to watch an asteroid occultation, there may still be some value to watching one happen away from the "shadow line," IOTA added. That's because sometimes watching an occultation can find a hidden moon. "Such secondary occultations should be expected to occur within plus or minus one minute of the actual asteroid occultation and be of very short duration, perhaps a fraction of a second, and may be quite distant from the predicted asteroid shadow line," the organization said.
These are some of the most famous occultations because they revealed basic science about the planets in our solar system. Perhaps the best-known example is when scientists observed Uranus moving in front of a star in 1977 from NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory (in other words, in midair). The scientists found rings, NASA wrote, because "they noticed the starlight winking on and off as the star first appeared to move toward the planet, and then again as the star moved away from the planet."
Pluto's tenuous atmosphere, although mapped in detail by New Horizons after a flyby in 2015, was actually known about decades beforehand. In 1988, a star occultation revealed Pluto has a nitrogen atmosphere. Scientists could even see example of a "fog" layer in Pluto's atmosphere because the star suddenly changed in brightness, according to the French space agency CNRS.
Planets can sometimes pass in front of other planets (which last happened when Venus transited Jupiter in 1818; the same occultation will happen again in 2065.) Planets can also occult extremely bright stars. The last occurrence was in 1959, when Venus passed in front of the star Regulus. Another occurrence between these celestial bodies is slated to happen in 2044.
As for the sun, Mercury passes in front of it several times in a century; the last time was in 2016, and the next time will be in 2019. In recent history, Venus passed in front of the sun in 2004 and 2012; the next transit will be in 2117. Scientists used the Venus transit to improve their exoplanet studies. They measured its diameter and probed its atmosphere using the transit technique, then compared it to data we already have to see if the transit technique could help us make predictions about exoplanets.

Uranus will appear to slip behind the moon on June 11, 2015 in a lunar occultation. It will be visible from southern Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific, where the local time will be June 12.
Uranus will appear to slip behind the moon on June 11, 2015 in a lunar occultation. It will be visible from southern Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific, where the local time will be June 12.
Credit: Starry Night Software

Occultations can also be artificially produced to take a look at certain phenomenon in detail. Perhaps the best-known use is blocking the light of the sun or a star to see what is nearby. Telescopes on Earth and in space regularly block the sun's light to observe the corona, the faint outer atmosphere of the sun that is otherwise blinded by the main part of the sun's disk.
For the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft, blocking the sun's light created an unexpected side benefit; the spacecraft turned out to be an awesome "sun-grazer" comet catcher. SOHO has found more than 3,000 comets using this method, including the infamous Comet ISON that was first predicted to light up Earth's skies in late 2013. The comet broke up after passing by the sun, but not before brightening briefly and causing some confusion about if it had died or not.
A device called a "starshade" could help scientists search for life on other worlds by using occultation. Some suggest using a starshade in conjunction with NASA's planned Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), which would launch in the mid-2020s. The basic idea is to block starlight and allow scientists to see a planet directly, rather than waiting until it passes in front of the star (or measuring the star's wobble for gravitational influences from planets.) Starshades are being tested on the ground, but none have flown in space before.